Value can be defined as a means of rating usefulness, importance, or general worth of a thing.1 Science, or the scientific method, can be thought of as s state or a means of knowing that is distinguished from misunderstanding or ignorance.2 Though value is a paradigm that is qualitative and subjective in nature, and the apparent antithesis of objectivity found within the scientific method, values remain deeply embedded in, and are the impetus of, a society’s social fabric and culture. Values can influence the kinds of truth scientists seek, and scientific outcomes can modify and reshape values within a society. Ultimately, a symbiotic relationship can exist between both paradigms, if allowed.

Within the scientific method lies the additional and central rigorous expectation of objectivity; a defining characteristic of such an approach.3 Although the scientific method seeks to refine causes behind observations, and exclude confounding variables to eventually establish an objective truth, scientists still apply value when interpreting data.3(19)Moreover, values influence the very questions that scientists may seek answers to when pursuing objective truth.

Such dilemmas are further complicated by business and political agendas.3(19-21)For example, a business might ask scientists if it is possible to engineer foods that can enhance growth rates, but may not ask if it is safe to do so. Thus, values (i.e., producing foods to expedite growth rates and profit) influence questions and goals. However, corporate values may not, and often do not, match societal values. Such a disparity imposes a condition of who imposes risk (i.e., the corporation) and who accepts risk (i.e., the consumer).3(21)

In conclusion, science and value paradigms generally live at opposing spectrums. However, there is a necessary overlap that exists in the middle; a gray region where both spectrums can, ideally, meet and inform each other. Such an approach, when applied in an ethical manner, can facilitate consumer food choices in a meaningful and efficacious fashion. However, it is incumbent upon consumers, and scientists, to ask questions that both believe are worth seeking.

References

1.Value. Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/value. Accessed September 4, 2019.
2. Science. Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/science. Accessed September 4, 2019.
3. Nestle M. Safe Food. Berkley, CA: University of California Press; 2003.

 

-Michael McIsaac